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K`kkJ e (570 - 632)

,ej cyfjy msggupa nrythfFld ngUk jhffjij czL gzzpatHfspd glbay K`kkJ mtHfis Kjyhkhdtuhfj NjHenjLjjJ thrfHfspy yUfF agghf ,UfFk; kwWk yH "Vd mggb ?" vdW dhTk njhLffyhk; Mdhy rkak cyay Ma ,U epiyfspYk xU Nru kfjjhd ntwwp ngwwtH tuyhwwpy mtH xUtNu jhk. vspikahd thofifg gby Jtqa mdiwa cyfjd ngUk kjqfspy xdiw epW mjidg guga Nguhwwy thaej muay jiytUkhthHfs.

mtHfs cH ePjJ gd%dW wwhzLfSfFg ddUk mtHfspd jhffk rf kpffJk vyyhj JiwfspYk gu epwgJkhd ,dWk sqfwJ.

,ey ,lk ngwWsNshupy ngUkghdikahdtHfs gzghL kpff myyJ muay eLehafkhf sqa ehfupfjd Nfeuqfspy weJ tsHtjwFupa thagidg ngwwtHfshf ,UejhjhHfs. Mdhy K`kkNjh thzpgk fiy fy Matwwpd NfeuqfSfFj njhiyYssJk mff fhyjy cyfjd djqa gFfshfTk ,Uej njd mNua ehlbYss kffhs vdDk Ng&y .. 570 Mk Mzby wejhHfs MW taNyNa mehifahll mtHfs vspa #oepiyNy tsHffggllhHfs. mddhH vOjg gbffj njupahjtuhf ,UejhH vd ,]yhkpa tuyhW ekfFr nrhyYwJ- jk ,Ugjijejhk tay mtHfs nrytr khlbahf ,Uej xU jitia kzejhHfs. mUeJ mtHfspd nghUsjhu epiy uilejJ. vdpDk mtHfs jk ehwgjhk taij vlLk KddH FwpgljjfftHfs vdgjwFupa ntsp milahsqfs kpff FiwthfNt ,Uejd.

mffhyjy ngUkghdikahd muGfs wglNlhuhfTk gy njatqfs kPJ ekfif nfhzltHfshfTk ,UejdH. vdpDk kffhy mgNghJ kpff Fiwej vzzpfifAilNahuha jHfSk wp]jtHfSk ,UejdH. mtHfsplkpUeJ ugQrk KOikAk MSdw midjJ tyyikAss Vf ,iwtidggwwp K`kkJ Kjy mwpayhdhHfs vdgy Iakpyiy. mtHfSfF ehwgJ tajhdNghJ czikahd Vf ,iwtd myyh` jkKld NgRwhd vdWk rjajijg gugGtjwFj jkikj NjHenjLjUfwhd vdWk K`kkJ cWahd ekfif nfhzlhHfs. ,jd d %dwhzL fhyk K`kkJ jk neUqa NjhoHfSfFk JiztHfSfFk Nghjid nrajhHfs. d RkhH 613 Mk MzbUeJ guqfkhf Nghjid nraayhdhHfs.

igagiga jk nfhsifia VwFk MjuthsHfis mtHfs ngwj JtqfNt kffhd mfhu tHffjdH mddhiu mghafukhfj njhyiy jUk xUtuhff fUjyhdhHfs. .. 622 Mk Mzby jk eyDfFg ghJfhgyiy vdf fU kffhTfF tlfNf ,UW fy njhiytYss kdh (K`ktJ eatHfs mej efUfFg NgdNghJ mjd ngaH 'ajupg' vdgjhFk; jk efUfF mtHfs FbNawpaijr wgggjwfhf kffs jk CiuNa kdjJe e 'ed gllzk' vdW khwwpf nfhzlhHfs. mdwpUeJ mJ 'kdh' vdNw ngaH ngwWf nfhzlJ.) efUfF VdhHfs. mqF mtHfSfFf fzprkhd muay tyyikAss gj lbwW.

,tthW mtHfs kdhTfFr nrdw `p[uh vdw ,eepforjhd efs thofify xU wgG Kidahf mikejJ. kffhy mtHfisg dgwwpNahH kpfr yNu ,UejdH; Mdhy kdhNyh kpFej MjuthsHfisg ngwyhdhHfs; ,jdhy mtHfs ngwWfnfhzl nrythfF Vwjjho vyyh mfhuqfSk nfhzl xU jiytuhfwW. mLjj y MzLfspy K`kkijg dgwWNthH njhif Ntfhfg ngUfj JtqaJk kffhTfFk kdhTfF kpilNa njhlHeJ gy NghHfs epfoejd. ,Wy 630 Mk Mzby K`kkJ khngUk ntwwpahsuhf kffhTfFs Uk tejJk ,gNghH XawjJ. muGf Nfeuqfs ,gGa khHffjJfF iueJ teJ mjid VwWf nfhstij K`kkJ mtHfspd thod vQa ,uzliu MzLfSk fzld. mtHfs 632 Mk Mzby fhykhdNghJ njd mNuah KOtYk Nguhwwy nfhzl Mlahsuhf sqdhHfs.

muG ehlbd glfs vdDk ehNlhbf NfhjujjhH ntwp nfhzl ujNjhL NghuhLthHfs vdg ngaH ngwwpUejdH. Mdhy xwWikdwp xUtiunahUtH xopfFk NghHfspy <LglLf nfhzbUej W njhifdH mtHfs ehNlhb thofifdwp epiyahf Ntshzikfspy <LglLf nfhzbUej W njhifdH mtHfs ehNlhb thofifdwp epiyahf Ntshzikfspy <LglbUej tlgF muRfspd ngupa gilfSfF ,izahf ,ej glfs ,Uffyiy. Mdhy tuyhwwpy KjdKiwahf K`kkJ mtHfshy IfaggLjgglL czikahd xNu ,iwtd kPJ nfhzl Mopa ekfifahy cejggll ,rWW muGg gilfs kdpj tuyhwwpNy Nguhrrupak jujjff ntwwpj njhlHfspy jqfis <LgLjjyhd. muG ehlLfF tlofy rh]]hdpaHfs Ga Nguuf gueJ leJ tlNkwy fhd]lhzb Nehis ikakhff nfhzl ig]heak vdDk ofF Nuhkg NguuR ,UejJ. vzzpfifiaf nfhzL ghHjjhy ,jjF vupfSld muG <LnfhLff KbaNjhHjjhk. vdpDk vOrailej ,ej muGfs nk]nghlNlhkpah upah ghy] dk KOtijAk ntFNtfkhf ntwwp nfhzldH. .. 642 Mk Mzby ig]heag NguulkpUeJ vgijf fifggwwpdH. 637 ,y fh]paahYk 642 ,y e`thjYk eilngww Kfag NghHfspy ghufg gilfs eRffgglld.

K`kkJ mtHfspd neUqa NjhoHfs K`kkJ mtHfisj njhlHeJ Mlg nghWgNgwwtHfSkhd mgfH ckWgDy fjjhg MNahupd jiyiky ntdw epyqfSld muGfspd KdNdWjy epdWlyiy. .. 711-fFs muGg gilfs tl M/gupffhUeJ mlyhzbf khfly tiuYk css gFfisj jk Mffjy nfhzL tejd. mqUeJ mit tlGyk Nehfj Uk [pguhylH flLfiff fleJ ]ngd ehlbd ]pNfhf muir ntdwd. wp]Jt INuhggh KOtijAk K]kfs ntdW LthHfNsh vdW$l xU rkak NjhdwpwW. Mdhy 732 Mk Mzby /uhdd ikag gFtiu KdNdwpll xU K]k gil guqauhy ^H] Nghupy NjhwfbffggllJ. ,UgDk $l eatHfspd nrhyyhy czHT ngww ,ej glf NfhjujdH Fiwej xU wwhzL fhyg NghH fspd %ykhf mJtiu cyF fzbuhj - ,ea vyiyfspUeJ mlyhzbf khfly tiu gueUej xU Nguuir epWdhHfs. ,ggilfs ntdw epyqfspnyyyhk mgGa khHffjij kffs ngUk msy jOtyhdH.

Mdhy ,tntwwpfs midjJNk epiyngww itahf ,Uffyiy. ghufHfs efs khHffjJfF Rthrk zltHfshf ,UeJ tejhYk$l muGfsplkpUeJ jk Rjeujij kPlLf nfhzldH. ]ngd ehlbd vOW MzLfs NghH elgGfSfFg wF mejj gfwgk KOtijAk fpwp]JtHfs kW ntwwp nfhzldH. ,UgDq$lg gzilag gzghlbd ,U njhlbyfshf sq nk] nghlNlhkpahTk (,diwa ,uhf) vgJk muG ehLfshfNt ,Ufdwd. ,J NghdNw tl M/gupffhd KOf flwfiug gFfSk ,Ufdwd. K]kfs Jtffjy ntdw ehLfspd vyiyfSfFj njhiyYk ,gGa khHffk ,ilggll wwhzLfspy njhlHeJ guathNw ,UejJ. ,gNghJ M/gupffhYk kja MahYk ,dDk mfkhfNt gh]jhdpYk $l tl ,eahYk ,eNjhNd~pahYk K]kfs Nfhbffzfy thoeJ tUdwdH. ,eNjhNd~pahy ,gGJ khHfNk xUikgghlbd mkrkhf mikeJssJ. Mdhy ,eaj Jizf fzljy ,eJ K]k ry xwWikfFg ngUk jilahfTk ,UeJ tUwJ.

,eepiyy kdpjFy tuyhwwpy K`kkJ ed jhffjij- nrythfif-vggbf fzfLtJ? Vida rkaqfisg NghdNw ,]yhKk mjidg dgwWNthupd thofiffspy kpfg ngUk jhffjij czL gzzp Mffk nrYjJdwJ. ,jd fhuzkhfjjhd cyfg ngUk rkaqfis epWatHfs ,ey Kfakhf ,lk ngwWssdH. cyfjd K]kfislf wp]JtHfs Vwjjho ,Uklqduhf ,UgDk$l K`kkJ eatH fis VR ehjiul Kjdikahf ,lk ngwr nraUggJ vLjj vLgy GJikahfj Njhdwyhk. ,ej KbTfF ,uzL fhuzqfs czL. xdW; wp]Jt tsHffFk kpfTk KfajJtk thaej gzpid K`kkJ mwnewp xOff ,ay Ma twWfF (mit j rkajUeJ NtWgll mkrqfisg nghWjjtiu) VRehjNu fhuzkhf ,UejhYk mjd ,iwikaiy cUthfay KjdikahdtUk mjdghy kffs tUtjwF Kfa fhuzkhf ,UejtUk Ga Vwghlbd ngUk gFd MupaUkhd a gTyjhd. Mdhy ,]yhjd ,iwikay mjd mwnewp xOff ,ay ahtwWfFNk nghWgghdtH K`kkJ ejhd. mdwpAk mrrkajij kffspilNa gugGtYk ,]yhkpa mD~lhd kuGfis tFggYk mtHfs %yhjhukhd nghWgid NkwnfhzbUejhHfs. NkYk ,iwtdplkpUeJ jqfSfF Neubaha mUsggll mtHfs eka Untspgghlhd Gdpj FH Mdpd NghjfUk mtHjhk. K`kkJ thoehspNyNa ,tiw ntspgghLfs gwWAlDk flikAzHTlDk gTr nraagglld; mtHfs fhykhd wpJ fhyjJfFs MjhuHtkhf miy xU Nruj njhFffgglld. vdNt K`kkJ ed fUjJfSk NghjidfSk nfhsiffSk FH MDld neUffkhdit. Mdhy VRehjupd ,J Nghdw upthd Nghjidfs mlqa vJTk (%yhjhujJld) vQryiy. wp]jJtHfSfF igisg Nghdw K]kfSfF FH Md Kfak thaejjhFk. FH Md thyhf K`kkJ e czL gzzpa jhffk kpfgngUk msdjhFk. wp]Jtjd kPJ VRehjUk a gTY% xUqizeJ czLgzzpa jhffjij l K`kkJ e ,]yhjd kPJ czL gzzpa jhffk kpFejJ vdNw nrhyyyhk. rka mbggily klLk ghHffg Nghdhy kdpj tuyhwwpy VRehjUfF ,Uej nrythfifg NghdNw K`kkJTfFk ,UejJ vdW nrhyyyhk.

,uzlhtJ; NkYk VRehjiug Nghyyhky K`kkJ e rkaj jiytuhf klLkpdwp cyay JiwfspYk fiytuhf ,UejhHfs. cziky6 muTfspd ntwwpfSfF ddpUeJ ,afa ceJ rfahd mddhH vyuyhf fhyjJfFk jhffjij czL gzZk nrythfF kpff jiytuhf ,lk ngwyhk. tuyhwW epforfspy Kfak thaej gy jHff Kbahky epfof $bait jhk; mtwiw eljJtjwFupa Fwpgll jiytH xUtH ,yyhbDk rupNa vdW nrhyyf$Lk. rhdwhf i]kd nghtH ( i]kd nghtH 1783-1830 nt]_kyh ngU Ma ehLfspd jiytuhf ,Uej ,tH Ljiy uuhfTk njd mnkupffhd th~pqld vdTk fUjggLgtH.) weUffhllhYk$l ]ngdplkpUeJ njd mnkupfff fhydpfs jqfs Ljiyiag ngwWjjhdpUfFk.. mjdhy mNua ntwwpfisg gwwp ,tthW nrhyy KbahJ. Vnddpy K`kkJ eatHfspd fhyjJfF Kd ,ggb vJTk epfoejyiy; vdNt mddhH ,yyhkNy ,jjfF ntwwpfisg ngwwpUfFk vd ekGtjwFk epahakpyiy. kdpj tuyhwwpy ,tntwwpfSfF xjjitahf vtwiwAk gwwpr nrhyy KbAkhdhy mit nrq]fhgd jiyiky kqNfhaHfs gd%dwhk wwhzby milej ntwwpfshFk. Mdhy ,tntwwpfs muG ntwwpfisl guggsy kpFeUejhYk-epiyj Uffyiy. ,dW kqNfhaHfs trKss epyg gF nrq]fhDfF KddH mtHfsplkpUejJ jhd.

Mdhy muGfspd ntwwpfNsh ngupJk NtWggllitahFk. ,]yhjd kPJ kffs nfhzLss ekfifahy klLkyy muG nkhop tuyhW gzghL MatwwhYk ,izffgglL ,uhfyUeJ nkhNuhfNfhtiu xU rqj njhlHNghy muG ehLfs upeJ lfdwd. FH Md ,]yhkpa rkajd %yhjhukhf mikeUggJ mJ mjuG nkhopy ,UggJkha fhuzqfs jhk gd %dW wwhzLfSfily mknkhop xdWf nfhdW sqfh tllhu nkhopfshfr jwpr ijeJ Nghfhky jLffggllJ vdW nrhyyyhk. ,ej muG ehLfSfilNa fzprkhd NtWghLfSk upTfSk fhzggLdwd vdgJk czikjhd. vdpDk gFasyhd ,tnthwWikf FiwT. ,eehLfSfilNa epy tUk xwWikd Kfak thaej mkrqfNs jk fzfspUeJ kiweJlf $lhJ. ehdwhf 1973-74 vziz VwWkj jily muG ehLfs klLNk fyeJ nfhzld. <uhDlk ,eNjhNd~pahTk mit ,]yhkpa ehLfshf ,UgDk ,y fyeJ nfhssyiy. Mf Vohk wwhzby njhlqa muG ntwwpfs khDltuyhwwpy ,dDkKfakhf gqF tjJ tUtijf fz$lhff fhzNwhk. rkaj JiwYk cyay JiwYk K`kkJ xUNrug ngww <byyhj nrythfFj jhd kdpj tuyhwwpy kpfgngUk jhffjij VwgLja xNu jdp kdpjH vdDk jFfF mtiu cupjjhfFwJ.

Kjw;gf;fk; fy;tp nghOJNghf;F nra;jpfs; <ok;

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