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rhHy] lhHd;

,awifj NjHT vdDk Kiwd thyhf 'cUkyHr' VwgLwJ vdDk cupay Nfhlghlbid tFjj Mqy QQhdp rhHy] lhHd MthH. ,tH ,qyhey ~p&]gup vdDk Cupy 1809 Mk MzL gutup 12 Mk ehs wejhH. (,Nj ehspy jhd Mufhk qfDk NjhdwpdhH). Kjy cs@Hg gsspy fy gdw lhHd vbdgNuh gyfiyf fofjy kUjJtk gytjwFr NrHejhH. kUjJtKk cly cl$wpaYk Ritawwjhf ,Ufff fzL Nfkupl[ gyfiyf fofjwF khwp rka FUTffhd fy fwfyhdhH.

Nfkupl[py gbggij l Fiur rthup Jgghf RLjy Nghdw isahlLfspNyNa mtH mf MHtk fhlbdhH. vdpDk mqF jhtuay Nguhupauhf ,Uej n`d]Nyh vdgtupd mdigg ngwW mtUila neUqa ezguhdhH.

mgNghJ 's' vdw muRf fggy 1831 ,y njd mnkupffhTfFk gf ngUqflYfFk nrdW Muhar nratjhf ,UejJ. ezgH n`d]Nyhd Kawahy mejf fggd ',awif QQhdpahf' lhHd epakdk ngwwhH. ,ej epakdjij ,tH VwWf nfhzlij ,tUila jeij Kjy vHjjhH. fUjdwp Ntiy nraty lhHd <LghL nfhstij ,ejg gazk NkYk jhkjggLjJk vdW mtH fUdhH. vdpDk NkdhlL mwpay tuyhwwpy ,ejg ngUqfly kpFej ifkkhW juf$bajhf sqajhy kpFej twGWjjYfFg wF ,ejg gazjwF jeij ,irtspjjhH. lhHd jkJ 22 Mk tay 's' fggy 1831 ,y GwggllhH. mLjj 5 MzLfspy ,ejf fggy njd mnkupffhf flwfiuNahukhfg gazQ nraJ cyifr Rwwp tejJ. mgNghJ jddejdpahf ,UfFk fyggfh] Tfis mJ MuhaejJ. gf ngUqfly ,eag ngUqfly njd mlyhzbf ngUqfly MatwwpYss NtW gy TfSfFk mJ nrdwJ. ,ej ePzl gazjd NghJ lhHd gwgy ,awif mraqfisf fzlhH; M Fbfs gyiur rejjhH; Vuhskhd Gij gbtqfis fzLbjJ NrfupjjhH; fzffww jhtu ,dqfisAk yqdqfisAk MuhaejhH. jhk fzlwpej midjijg gwwpAk upthd FwpgGfisg ngUksy vO itjJf nfhzlhH.

,ejf FwpgGfs jhd ,tUila eija yfs midjwFk Mjhukhf mikejd. ,twwpUeJ jhd ,tH jkJ Kfaf nfhsiffs gytwiw tFjjhH. mtwiw epiy ehlLtjwF mirff Kbahj rhdWfshf mikejitAk ,ejf FwpgGfNsahFk. ,ejf fggy gazjy jhk Nrfupjj Muharg nghUsfSld 1836 ,y lhHd ,qyheJ UkdhH. jhk nraj Muharg gazjy fzl vyyhg nghUsfisg gwwpAk mLjj 20 MzLfspy gy yfis vOdhH. ,ej yfs ,tUfF ,qyhed jiywej cupaywpQHfspy xUtH vdw Gfio <lbj jejd. yqdqfSk jhtu ,dqfSk vdnwdWk xNu khupahf ,Uggit myy vdWk epyTyfg Gwzpd tsHr khWghLfspd NghJ cUkyHr ngwwit vdWk 1837 Mk MzbNyNa lhHd cWahf ekdhH. Mdhy ,jjifa gupzhkjwF vdd fhuzk vdgij mgNghJ mtuhy $w Kbayiy. 1838 Mk Mzby jhk] khyj] vOa "kffs njhif gwwpa  Kiwfs" vdDk iy mtH gbff NeHejJ. $Hjy newpd Nghlby MwwYilad fhyjijg GwqfzL thotjd thyhf ,awifj NjHjy eilngWwJ vdDk jkJ nfhsiffF ,ej d cH ehbahd Mjhujijf fzlhH. ,awifj NjHT Kiwf nfhsifia ,tH tFjj ddUq $l mij mtrugglL mrlL ntsplL lyiy. jkJ NfhlghlbwF kpFej vHgG skGk vdgij mtH caHeUejhH. vdNt ,fNfhlghlbwF mirff Kbahj rhdWfisr NrfupggJk mtwwpd mbggily jkJ nfhsiffSfFr rhjfkhd thjqfisf ftdkhfj jahupggYk mtH neLqfhyk nryllhH. lhHd jkJ Nfhlghlbd Kfaf $Wfis klLk tupjJ 1842 ,y vOdhH.

mtwiwf nfhzL xU KO ehtiy vOJk gzpy 1844 ,y <LgllhH. vdpDk mtH jkJ y Ujjqfs nraJ nfhzLk Ga nrafisr NrfupjJf nfhzLk nrkikg gLjf nfhzbUej NghJ 1858 Mk MzL [_d khjjy ofF ,eaj Tfspy mgNghJ gzpahwwp tej My/uL ury thy] vdw uplb~ ,awif QQhdp cH kyHr gwwpa jkJ nrhejf NfhlghL mlqa ifnaOjJg gbnahdiw lhHDfF mDg itjjhH. thyd NfhlghL rhuhkrjy lhHd nfhsifidg ngupJk xjUejJ. thy] jkJ Nfhlghlbidj jddejdpahfNt cUthfUejhH. mij yhf ntspLtjwF KdG ,jJiwy mgNghJ Kddzp QQhdpahfg GfongwwpUej lhHDila fUjJiufis mwpeJ nfhss Uk jkJ d ifnaOjJg gbia lhHDfF mtH mDg itjUejhH. mgNghJ jhd kpfTk ,ffllhdnjhU epiyik NjhdwpaJ. ,ejf Nfhlghlbid Kjy fzLbjjtH ahH vdgJ FwpjJ Ukgjjfhj NghuhllNk cUthUfff $Lk. Mdhy ,U QQhdpfSk fhlba ngUejdik fhuzkhf ,ejr ffy R%fkhfj HejJ. lhHd ,fNfhlghlil cUthfFtjwfhfj jk MAspy ngUk gFiar nrytopjj NghYk mejg ngUikia thyRfNf mspff KdtejhH. Mdhy thy] lhHDila czikahd ciogidAk mUk KawfisAk mwpejJk ,ejf nfhsif lhHDilaNj vdW cyFfF mwpjjhH. ,tUtUk wpJk mOffhwpdwp eleJ nfhzlJ Nghwwjjffjhf ,UejJ. thyd MaTf flLiuAk lhHDila d RUffKk xU $lL MaTf flLiuahf mLjj khjjNyNa XH mwpay fofjd KdG mspffg gllJ. ,ejf nfhsif kffs ftdjij vHghHjj msTfFf ftuhkw NghdJ jukhf ,UejJ. vdpDk 1859 Mk Mzby lhHd ntspll ',dqfspd Njhwwk' ngUk gugugig VwgLjaJ. Ntnwej mwpay y ,ijg NghdW cyy QQhdpfs ghku kffs Ma ,U rhuhuplKk kpfg ngUksTfFr rHrirAk thfFthjqfisAk NjhwWjjyiy.

,ed KOg ngaNuh ",awifj NjHT %yk ,dqfspd Njhwwk" vdgjhFk. " thofifg Nghuhlljy Mwwy thaej ,dqfspd epiyNgW" vdw ngaUk ,jwF czL. ,ey mtH vOa nfhsif "lhHd nfhsif" vdW ngaH ngwwJ. ,y lhHd gupzhkf nfhsifia cWahf epiyehlb mjwF ,awifj NjHT vdDk Kiwiaf fhuzkhff $wpUejhH. ",dqfspd Njhwwk" gwwpa thfFthjqfs ,dDk eleJ nfhzbUfFk NghNj 1871 Mk Mzby lhHd "kdpjDila ghukgupak kwWk ghy NtWghL nghWjjJ ,awifd ,ayNjHT Kiw" vdDk iy ntspllhH. ,y thyyhf FuqF Nghdw xU uhzpUeJ kdpjd Njhdwpdhd vdw nfhsifia mtH sfUejhH. ,jdhy ,tH kdpjd FuqUeJ wejtd vdW $Wtjhf vzzp ,tUfF vqFk vHgG vOejJ. ,tUila ,ejf nfhsif ,dDk fhurhukhd thfF thjqfisj NjhwWjjJ. lhHd jkJ NfhlghLfs FwpjJ eilngww nghJ thfF thjqfspy Neubahfg gqF nfhssyiy. ,jwF Kfa fhuzk mtUila Nkhrkhd cly epiy. mtH 'q' fggy njd mnkupffg gazk nrdw NghJ rffbdhy mtiu "rhfh Neha" vdw Neha bjjJ. mJ KjwnfhzL mtH MAs KOtJk NehahspahfNt ,UejhH.

vdpDk gy wej QQhdpfs mtUilia nfhsifia MjupjJj ukhf thfFthjqfspy <LgllhHfs. ,tHfspy KfakhdtH jhk] vr. `f] MthH. ,tH kpfTk wikahd NgrrhsH; lhHd nfhsiffis kpfj ukhf MjupjjtH. 1882 ,y lhHd ,wejNghJ mtUila nfhsifd mbggilr rupElgjijg ngUkghyhd QQhdpfs xjJf nfhzL lldH. ,dqfspd cUkyHr gwwpa nfhsifia Kjy tFjjtH lhHd vdW $w KbahJ. mtUfF KddNu y QQhdpfs ,ejf nfhsifiaf $wpUfdwdH. /nuQR ,awif QQhdp [PdyhkhHf lhHdpd jhjjh <uh]k] lhHd MNahH ,tHfspy FwpgljjfftHfs. Mdhy ,ej KwNfhsfisf $wpatHfs ,ej cUkyHr vejf fhuzjjhy eilngWdwJ vdgjwF ekgfkhd sffqfisf $wj jtwpllhHfs. vdNt ,awifj NjHT vdw Kiwdhy cUkyHr vtthW eilngWdwJ vdgij lhHd njspthf sff $wpdhH. mjJld jkJ nfhsiffF Mjhukhf ekgfkhd rhdWfisAk mtH Vuhskhff fhlbdhH. vdNt jhd mtUila nfhsifia mwpay cyfk VwWf nfhzlJ. wgGf Nfhlghlbd MjuyyhkNyNa-wgGf Nfhlghlbid mwpeJ nfhsshkNyNa-lhHd NfhlghL tFffggllJ vdgJ FwpgljjffJ. lhHd fhyjy Fwpgll gzayfs xU jiyKiwlkpUeJ mLjj jiyKiwfF vtthW khwwggLdwd vdgJ FwpjJ ahUk vJTk mwpeUffyiy. lhHd jkJ tuyhwWg Gfo thaej yfis vOf nfhzbUej mNj MzLfspy "kuGj njhlHG " vdw jkJ nfhsifia upNfhH nkzly vdgtH tFjJf nfhzbUejhH. mtuJ nfhsif lhHd nfhsiffFj Jiz nraaf $bajhf mikeUejikahy 1990 tiuy mtUila nfhsif mbNahL GwffzpffgglljhfNt ,UejJ. mjwFsshf lhHDila nfhsiffs edF epiyngwW lld. ,tthwhf ,awifj NjHT Kiwyhd kuGj njhlHG fSld NrHeJ cUkyHrf nfhsif KOikailejJ. mtjk KOik ngww nfhsif jhd ,dW ehk mwpeJss "cUkyHrf nfhsif" MFk. kdpjr ejid kPJ lhHDila nrythfF kpfg ngupJ. KwwpYk mwpay Nehfy $Wtjhd, cupay Jiw KOtYNk mtH Gulfukhd khWjyfis czlhfdhH. ,awifj NjHT vdgJ kpfTk upthdnjhU jjJtkhf mikeUejJ.

mejj jjJtjij khdplay r%fay muay QQhdk nghUshjhuk Nghdw NtW gy JiwfSfFk gadgLjj Kawfs Nkwnfhssgglld. lhHdpd nfhsiffspdhy Vwgll mwpay myyJ r%fay isTfis l rkar ejidy Vwgll isTfs jhd kpf KfakhditahFk. lhHd fhyjYk mjd d gy MzLfs tiuYk rkaggwWkpff wp]jtHfs lhHd nfhsiffis VwWf nfhzlhy rka ekfif HFiyeJ NghFk vdf fU tejhHfs. NtW gy fhuzqfspdhy mgNghJ rka czHTfs nghJthff FiweJ nfhzL tejikahy ,ej rkathfs ,tthW mrrq nfhzly epahakpUejJ. rkar rhHgww epiyYq $l jqfs cyifg gwwpa kdpjHfspd ejidy lhHDila nfhsif ngUk khWjiy VwgLjd. ,awif cyy kdpj ,djwFjjhd jiyikahd ,lk vd xU fhyjy epy tej fUjJ kiwayhwW. cyYss vjjidNah cupdqfspy xdW jhd kdpj ,dk vdgij ,gnghOJ ehk czHeJ nfhzL lNlhk. xU fhyjy kdpj ,dk kiweJ NtnwhU ,dk Mffk ngwf$Lk vdgijAk ,dW czHeUfNwhk. lhHdpd nfhsiffspd isthf" khWjy xdiwj ju ,ej cyy epiyahdJ vJTNk ,yiy" vdW `puhfspll] $wpa fUjJ ,dW vyNyhUk Vwfj jffjhllJ. kdpjdpd Njhwwjij cUkyHrf nfhsif ntwwpfukhf sfFtij nahlb ,away ffyfs midjwFk HT fhzgy mwpad wkghlby ,gNghJ ekfif ntFthf tsHeUfwJ. "tyydtwwpy thoT tsk" "thofifg Nghuhllk" vdgd Nghdw lhHd tFjjikjj nrhwnwhlHfs vyyh nkhopfspd mfuhfspYk ,lk ngwW lld. lhHd NjhdwpuhllhYk mtUila nfhsiffis NtW ahuhtJ $wpUfff $Lk. thyd gzpiaf fUJk NghJ, lhHidg nghWjj tiuy ,ejf fUjJ ,dDk nghUjjKilajhFk. vdpDk; cupaiyAk khdplaiyAk Gulfukhf khwwpaikjjJ lhHDila nfhsiffNsahFk. ,ej cyy kdpjDfFupa ,lk Fwpjj kdpjupd fUjid khwwpaJk ,ej nfhsiffNsahFk. ,y vsssTk Iakpyiy.

Kjw;gf;fk; fy;tp nghOJNghf;F nra;jpfs; <ok;

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